normal eye anatomy
Iris
Colored tissue located just behind the cornea. It determines eye color and adjusts the amount of light entering the eye by changing the size of the pupil. It also separates the front (anterior) and back (posterior) chambers of the eye.
Cornea
Clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. It plays a major role in bending (refracting) light to help focus vision.
Pupil
Round opening in the center of the iris that appears black. It expands or contracts to control how much light passes into the eye.
Lens
Transparent structure inside the eye that fine-tunes focus by directing light onto the retina.
Sclera
The tough, white outer covering of the eye that protects and maintains the shape of the eyeball. It surrounds the eye except where the cornea sits at the front.
Ciliary Body
Circular muscle structure beneath the outer surface of the eye. It adjusts the shape of the lens for focusing and produces the fluid known as aqueous humor.
Choroid
Layer rich in blood vessels located between the sclera and retina. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the eye’s internal tissues.
Optic Nerve
Primary nerve responsible for vision. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
Macula
Small central portion of the retina responsible for detailed, sharp central vision.
Retina
Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that converts incoming light into electrical signals. These signals travel through the optic nerve to the brain. It contains specialized cells called rods and cones.
Vitreous
Clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, occupying most of the eye’s interior.
